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Algae, including cyanobacteria, are in the spotlight today for a number of reasons; firstly it has become abundantly clear over recent years that algae have been neglected in terms of basic research and that knowledge gap is being rapidly closed with the establishment of some surprising discoveries, such as the presence of Near-Infra-Red-Absorbing cyanobacteria and a wealth of natural products; secondly molecular approaches have provided a wealth of approaches to genetically modify algae and produce value-added products; thirdly it has become clear just how important, marine phytoplankton is to global carbon capture and the production of food globally; and fourthly, it has also become clear that algae present unparalleled opportunities to generate biofuels in a sustainable and non-polluting way. This volume presents 15 chapters by world experts on their subjects, ranging from reviews of algal diversity and genetics to in-depth reviews of special algal groups such as diatoms (which account for over 30% of marine carbon capture). Other chapters chart the ways in which this carbon capture occurs or how there are a multiplicity of ways in which algae intercept sun light and deploy this energy for carbon capture. A fascinating aspect here is the way in which sun light is harvested. A special chapter is devoted to the very recent and exciting possibility that algae use coherent light energy transformation to enhance the efficiency of light capture, an aspect of quantum physics that has implications for future developments at several levels and a variety of industries. Just how and why algae use Chlorophyll a as the major light capture pigment is discussed in several chapters. However, attention is also given to those cyanobacteria, which have been found to use the special Near-Infra Red absorbing chlorophylls mentioned above. And attention is also given to those algae that employ phycobiliproteins to fill in the “green window”, i.e., the spectral region from 400 – 650 nm, which is not efficiently covered by chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. Photoinhibition and photoprotection is the subject area of several chapters and one which it is essential to understand a we work towards greater efficiency of algal photosynthesis. A final chapter is devoted to understanding the molecular basis for coral bleaching, a much-neglected area that is essential in trying to come up with solutions to this very worrying phenomenon, caused by global warming and ocean acidification. This is a book for research scientists, environmentalists, planners in a range of areas including those of marine resources, nutrient control and pollution of water bodies and that growing body of concerned citizens interested in controlling carbon emissions and global warming. Special attention has been given to generating a set of articles that will be read by university students, informed laymen and all those whose wish to understand the rapid changes that have come about in our knowledge of algae over the past decade.

Algae --- Photosynthesis. --- Aquatic biology. --- Physiology. --- Photobiology --- Plants --- Gases from plants --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Effect of light on --- Photorespiration --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Algues --- Fitoquímica --- Criptògames --- Fitoplàncton --- Algues d'aigua dolça --- Algues fòssils --- Algues marines --- Algues tòxiques --- Caròfits --- Cianobacteris --- Cloròfits --- Crisòfits --- Cromòfits --- Diatomees --- Dinoflagel·lades --- Euglenòfits --- Feofícies --- Microalgues --- Primnesiòfits --- Rodòfits --- Ficologia --- Bioquímica de les plantes --- Bioquímica vegetal --- Botànica química --- Química botànica --- Química de les plantes --- Química vegetal --- Bioquímica --- Hormones vegetals --- Pigments vegetals --- Proteïnes vegetals --- Biologia molecular vegetal

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Nanotechnology is the application of science to control matter at the molecular level. It has become one of the most promising applied technologies in all areas of science. Nanoparticles have multi-functional properties and have created very interesting applications in various fields such as medicine, nutrition, bioenergy, agriculture and the environment. But the biogenic syntheses of monodispersed nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes have been a challenge in biomaterial science. Nanoparticles are of great interest due to their extremely small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, which lead to both chemical and physical differences in their properties (e.g., mechanical properties, biological and sterical properties, catalytic activity, thermal and electrical conductivity, optical absorption and melting point) compared to bulk of the same chemical composition. Recently, however, synthesizing metal nanoparticles using green technology via microorganisms, plants, viruses, and so on, has been extensively studied and has become recognized as a green and efficient way for further exploiting biological systems as convenient nanofactories. Thus the biological synthesis of nanoparticles is increasingly regarded as a rapid, ecofriendly, and easily scaled-up technology. Today researchers are developing new techniques and materials using nanotechnology that may be suitable for plants to boost their native functions. Recently, biological nanoparticles were found to be more pharmacologically active than physico-chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Various applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles have been discovered, especially in the field of biomedical research, such as applications to specific delivery of drugs, use for tumor detection, angiogenesis, genetic disease and genetic disorder diagnosis, photoimaging, and photothermal therapy. Further, iron oxide nanoparticles have been applied to cancer therapy, hyperthermia, drug delivery, tissue repair, cell labeling, targeting and immunoassays, detoxification of biological fluids, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetically responsive drug delivery therapy. Nanoparticle synthesis for plant byproducts for biomedical applications has vast potential. This book offers researchers in plant science and biomedicine the latest research and opportunity to develop new tools for the synthesis of environmentally friendly and cost-effective nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine as well as other various fields.

Nanoparticles. --- Nanostructured materials --- Particles --- Nano-particles --- NPs (Nanoparticles) --- Nanoscale particles --- Plant breeding. --- Nanotechnology. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Plants --- Botany --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Ontogeny --- Structure --- Nanotecnologia --- Fitoquímica --- Enginyeria molecular --- Tecnologia molecular --- Alta tecnologia --- Electrònica molecular --- Espintrònica --- Materials nanoestructurats --- Nanoelectrònica --- Nanolitografia --- Nanomedicina --- Nanoquímica --- Bioquímica de les plantes --- Bioquímica vegetal --- Botànica química --- Química botànica --- Química de les plantes --- Química vegetal --- Bioquímica --- Hormones vegetals --- Pigments vegetals --- Proteïnes vegetals --- Biologia molecular vegetal --- Plant biotechnology. --- Botanical chemistry. --- Plant Biotechnology. --- Plant Evolution. --- Plant Development. --- Evolution. --- Development. --- Plant evolution --- Evolution (Biology) --- Crop biotechnology --- Agricultural biotechnology --- Phylogeny --- Biotechnology

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Plants produce a vast number of bioactive compounds with different chemical scaffolds, which modulate a diverse range of molecular targets and are used as drugs for treating numerous diseases. Most present-day medicines are derived either from plant compounds or their derivatives, and plant compounds continue to offer limitless reserves for the discovery of new medicines. While different classes of plant compounds, like phenolics, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids, and their potential pharmacological applications are currently being explored, their curative mechanisms are yet to be understood in detail. This book is divided into 2 volumes and offers detailed information on plant-derived bioactive compounds, including recent research findings. Volume 1, “Plant-derived Bioactives: Chemistry and Mode of Action” discusses the chemistry of highly valued plant bioactive compounds and their mode of actions at the molecular level. Volume 2, “Plant-derived Bioactives: Production, Properties and Therapeutic Applications” explores the sources, biosynthesis, production, biological properties and therapeutic applications of plant bioactives. Given their scope, these books are valuable resources for members of the scientific community wishing to further explore various medicinal plants and the therapeutic applications of their bioactive compounds. They appeal to scholars, teachers and scientists involved in plant product research, and facilitate the development of new drugs.

Plant bioactive compounds. --- Bioactive compounds --- Plant products --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant breeding. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Botany --- Plants --- Physiology --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Fitoquímica --- Farmacologia --- Medicina --- Biofarmàcia --- Biotransformació (Metabolisme) --- Dermofarmacologia --- Desenvolupament de medicaments --- Estabilitat dels medicaments --- Farmacocinètica --- Farmacogenètica --- Farmacologia cardiovascular --- Farmacologia clínica --- Farmacologia dental --- Farmacologia geriàtrica --- Farmacologia molecular --- Farmacologia obstètrica --- Farmacologia ocular --- Farmacologia pediàtrica --- Farmacologia respiratòria --- Farmacologia renal --- Farmacologia veterinària --- Immunofarmacologia --- Isòtops radioactius en farmacologia --- Neurofarmacologia --- Psicofarmacologia --- Química farmacèutica --- Radiofàrmacs --- Resistència als medicaments --- Toxicologia --- Medicaments --- Quimioteràpia --- Bioquímica de les plantes --- Bioquímica vegetal --- Botànica química --- Química botànica --- Química de les plantes --- Química vegetal --- Bioquímica --- Hormones vegetals --- Pigments vegetals --- Proteïnes vegetals --- Biologia molecular vegetal --- Fotofarmacologia

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Cancer --- Plant breeding. --- Food --- Research. --- Biotechnology. --- Food biotechnology --- Biotechnology --- Genetically modified foods --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Cancer research --- Fitoquímica --- Biotecnologia alimentària --- Productes vegetals --- Millorament selectiu de plantes --- Cèl·lules i teixits vegetals --- Cèl·lules vegetals --- Histologia vegetal --- Teixits vegetals --- Anatomia vegetal --- Cèl·lules --- Teixits (Histologia) --- Espores de plantes --- Parets cel·lulars vegetals --- Sistema vascular de les plantes --- Xilema --- Millora de plantes --- Millorament de conreus --- Millorament genètic de conreus --- Millorament genètic de les plantes --- Millorament genètic de plantes conreades --- Millorament vegetal --- Selecció artificial de les plantes --- Agricultura --- Millora de les espècies --- Hibridació vegetal --- Immunitat de les plantes --- Genètica vegetal --- Plantes transgèniques --- Productes de les plantes --- Productes derivats de les plantes --- Productes d'origen vegetal --- Productes agrícoles --- Biotecnologia agroalimentària --- Biotecnologia dels aliments --- Biotecnologia --- Tecnologia dels aliments --- Aliments transgènics --- Bioquímica de les plantes --- Bioquímica vegetal --- Botànica química --- Química botànica --- Química de les plantes --- Química vegetal --- Bioquímica --- Hormones vegetals --- Pigments vegetals --- Proteïnes vegetals --- Biologia molecular vegetal

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Food --- Enzymatic analysis --- Analysis. --- Analytical biochemistry --- Analysis of food --- Chemistry of food --- Food, Chemistry of --- Food chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Sanitary chemistry --- Chemistry --- Composition --- Gomes i resines --- Enzims. --- Fitoquímica --- Tecnologia dels aliments --- Enginyeria alimentària --- Enginyeria d'indústries alimentàries --- Enginyeria dels aliments --- Tecnologia alimentària --- Tecnologia d'aliments --- Tecnologia --- Additius alimentaris --- Biotecnologia alimentària --- Microbiologia dels aliments --- Aliments --- Begudes --- Indústria alimentària --- Bioquímica de les plantes --- Bioquímica vegetal --- Botànica química --- Química botànica --- Química de les plantes --- Química vegetal --- Bioquímica --- Hormones vegetals --- Pigments vegetals --- Proteïnes vegetals --- Biologia molecular vegetal --- Biocatalitzadors --- Ferments --- Catalitzadors --- Proteïnes --- Coenzims --- Enzims al·lostèrics --- Enzims microbians --- Fibrinolítics --- Hidrolases --- Iduronat-2-sulfatasa --- Inducció enzimàtica --- Isoenzims --- Malt --- Metal·loenzims --- Oxidoreductases --- Transferases --- Biocatàlisi --- Fermentació --- Gomes --- Resines --- Productes forestals no fustaners --- Química industrial --- Revestiments protectors --- Gomes i resines sintètiques --- Hidrocol·loides --- Resines de bescanvi iònic --- Resines fenòliques